Cut emissions before 2016, European scientists warn

Tens of millions of people may be spared droughts and floods by 2050 if Earth-warming carbon emissions peak in 2016 rather than 2030, scientists said on Sunday.Climate researchers in Britain andGermany said emission cuts now would delay some crippling impacts by decades and prevent some altogether. By 2050, an Earth heading for warming of 2-2.5 degrees Celsius by 2100 could have two very different faces, depending on the route taken along the way, the study published in the Nature Climate Change journal claimed. Policies that cap Earth-warming carbon emissions in 2016 and then reduce them by five percent per year could see between 39-68 million people spared exposure to a higher risk of water shortages by 2050, Nigel Arnell of the University of Reading told international media. However, this is only the best-case scenario. In contrast, if emissions peak in 2030 and fall by five percent annually, the number who escape this risk drops to between 17-48 million. Similarly, between 100-161 million people would avoid a higher risk of river flooding on the 2016-peak scenario. This compares to between 52-120 million people if emissions peak 14 years later, said Arnell, director of the university's Walker Institute on climate change. "Basically in 2050, the 2030-peaking policy has about half to two-thirds of the benefit than the best [2016] policy," even though both lead to a similar temperature peak of about 2-2.5 degrees Celsius by 2100, he said. "You may hit the same [temperature] point at the end of the century but the mayhem that's been caused on the way to that point is different under the different pathways," Arnell added. Under a scenario without any emissions curbs, temperatures could rise as much as 4-5.5 degrees Celsius, the groundbreaking paper said, which claimed to be the broadest assessment yet of the benefits of avoiding projected climate change impacts. Global average warming of four degrees Celsius would see almost a billion people have less water in 2100 than they have now, and 330 million will be at greater risk of river flooding, Arnell told a pre-release press conference. However, a peak in 2016 seems unlikely, with the world's nations aiming to adopt a new global climate pact by 2015 for entry into force only five years later. The latest round of UN climate talks that concluded in Doha, Qatar, in December failed to set pre-2020 emissions cuts for countries that have not signed up to the Kyoto Protocol, even as scientists warned the concentration of carbon in the world’s atmosphere continues to rise. Three of the world's four biggest polluters -- China, the US and India -- are among those with no binding emission limits, which cover countries responsible for only about 15 percent of the world's carbon pollution. Many scientists believe that Earth is set for warming that will be far above the United Nations' two degrees Celsius target on pre-industrial levels. "Reducing greenhouse gas emissions won't avoid the impacts of climate change altogether of course, but our research shows it will buy time to make things like buildings, transport systems and agriculture more resilient to climate change," said Arnell. Source: AFP