Ukraine: Pulling back arms as US, Russia trade barbs

Ukraine's military on Thursday said it had started withdrawing heavy weapons from the frontline, bolstering a stuttering peace plan as the United States and Russia traded barbs over the conflict.
The announced pull-back -- a key part of a peace deal negotiated earlier this month -- comes after a shaky truce that was meant to come into force on February 15 but only took hold across the conflict zone in recent days.
"Ukraine is today (Thursday) beginning the withdrawal of 100mm cannons from the frontline," the army said in a statement.
"This is the first step in the pull-back of heavy weapons and will be carried out exclusively under the supervision and verification of the OSCE (the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe)."
An AFP photographer saw Ukrainian forces towing at least 15 cannons away from the frontline around the strategic town of Debaltseve.
The arms withdrawal, which is meant to create a buffer zone between the two warring sides, is due to be completed within two weeks.
Rebels insist they have already pulled back the majority of their artillery, rocket launchers and missile systems from some areas.
- Fighting dies down -
But while OSCE monitors have reported seeing some big guns heading away from the rebel lines, they say the warring sides have not provided information needed to determine what, if any, arms withdrawals have occurred.
Fighting has died down dramatically over the past few days. Ukraine's military said for the second day running that there were no fatalities among its soldiers but that four had been wounded.  
NATO chief Jens Stoltenberg hailed the downturn in violence but kept up the pressure by calling for Moscow to pull out of Ukraine the weapons it is accused of sending in to the rebels.  
"Russia has transferred in recent months over 1,000 pieces of equipment -- tanks, artillery and advanced air defence systems," Stotenberg said in Rome.
"They have to withdraw this equipment and they have to stop supporting separatists."
The words highlighted the unabated tensions between the West and Moscow, whose relations have plumbed lows reminiscent of the Cold War since Russia annexed Ukraine's Crimea peninsula. Friday will mark the one-year anniversary of Russian troops and rebels seizing ports and cities in Crimea.
Addressing US lawmakers on Wednesday, Secretary of State John Kerry said Russia and the pro-Moscow rebels had failed to meet the terms of the ceasefire.
Russian President Vladimir Putin had put in place policies that "violate all the international norms with respect to territory and behaviour," Kerry said.
"He has empowered, encouraged, and facilitated directly land grabs in order to try to destabilise Ukraine itself.
"To date, neither Russia nor the forces it is supporting have come close to complying with their commitments," Kerry added, renewing warnings that Moscow could face further sanctions.
But Moscow says threats of new punishment are evidence that the West is not interested in the success of the latest effort to stop fighting that has cost at least 5,800 lives since April.
- Threat to gas supplies -
"Behind these calls lies the unwillingness of... the United States, the European Union, to seek the implementation of what was agreed," Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said.
Russia has itself ratcheted up the pressure by warning it could cut off gas supplies to Ukraine -- and, by extension, to parts of the European Union.
That threat prompted the EU to invite the Russian and Ukrainian energy ministers to Brussels on Monday for talks on resolving the dispute. Ukraine's gas company Naftogaz confirmed it would attend the talks as part of a Ukrainian delegation.
EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini "touched on" the gas issue in a call with Lavrov, her office said in a terse statement.
The West says the best hope for a negotiated solution to the 10-month conflict lies with the truce, which last week won unanimous backing from the UN Security Council.
But breaches by rebel forces -- especially their assault on Debaltseve, a strategic transport hub, and attacks on Ukrainian army positions near the port city of Mariupol -- have exasperated the EU and US.
The peace plan also entails a series of subsequent steps including the start of discussions on handing over greater autonomy to the rebel regions and the reinstatement of Kiev's control over swathes of its border with Russia.  
British Prime Minister David Cameron this week announced his country will send up to 75 soldiers to Ukraine on a "training mission" but that they would not operate in the conflict zone.
Up to 2,000 Russian soldiers were meanwhile taking part in drills near the Russian border with Estonia and Latvia, in a show of strength likely to alarm the EU neighbours.