BP Deepwater Horizon deformities: eyeless shrimp, clawless crabs

Two years after the BP-leased Deepwater Horizon drilling rig exploded in the Gulf of Mexico, killing eleven and causing an oil spill that lasted three months, scientists say the impacts on the Gulf ecosystem are only beginning to come to light and the discoveries aren't pretty. An investigative report in Al Jazeera has detailed horrific mutations in Gulf wildlife, which may be connected to the 4.9 million barrels of oil that spilled in 2010 and the 2 million gallons of chemical dispersant used on the spill by oil giant BP, whose initials stem from its former name of British Petroleum. Scientists and fishermen told investigative reporter, Dahr Jamail, of fish covered in lesions, shrimps lacking eyes and eye sockets, and crabs without claws. In some regions, fishermen said half the shrimp they were catching were coming up eyeless, while a recent study found that fish lesions jumped from occurring on 0.1 percent of the fish caught to 2-5 percent after the oil spill. In some areas, however, fish with lesions made up 20-50 percent of those sampled. Al Jazeera was told over and over again that scientists and fishermen had never seen anything like this. Killifish, a vital prey species, has also been hit hard by the oil spill. "What we found is a very clear, genome-wide signal, a very clear signal of exposure to the toxic components of oil that coincided with the timing and the locations of the oil," Andrew Whitehead, a biology professor with Louisiana State University, told Al Jazeera. He noted in a video with the news organization that the killifish's "hearts aren't forming properly." Scientists add that it appears overall biodiversity is down in the Gulf since the oil spill, a clear indicator of a degraded ecosystem. Despite the unusual number of abnormalities found by scientists and fishermen, the U.S. government remains largely silent regarding the concerns. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) told Al Jazeera to seek comment from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), but the NOAA said it would not comment because it is collecting information for ongoing litigation against BP. For BP's part, the oil giant has long been argued that the Gulf of Mexico was recovering quickly from the oil spill, even though pollution from past oil spills have taken years to make their way up the food chain and many oil-spill regions have not fully recovered after decades. "Seafood from the Gulf of Mexico is among the most tested in the world, and, according to the FDA and NOAA, it is as safe now as it was before the accident," BP told Al Jazeera. But, the narrative that the impacts of the oil spill on the Gulf's ecosystem has been mild has long been challenged. Hundreds of dead dolphins and aborted babies have been found since the disaster with many researchers linking the rise in dolphin moralities to the oil spill. Researchers note that the number of dolphins and whales killed by the disaster could be as much as 50 times higher than the bodies found. In addition, scientists have fingerprinted BP oil on deep sea coral ecosystems, resulting in a mass-death of corals. Despite the disaster, deep sea oil drilling in the Gulf of Mexico is ongoing. Meanwhile the Obama Administration has given preliminary go-ahead to offshore oil exploration in the Arctic, where critics say dealing with a Deepwater Horizon-like oil spill would be next to impossible due to seasonal ice, extreme weather, and a lack of infrastructure. The US consumes more oil than any other country in the world. In 2010 the US consumed an estimated 19.1 million barrels of oil everyday (6.9 billion annually). For decades the US has focused on producing and importing more oil, instead of increasing efficiency, lowering consumption, and new technologies.